LIBRARY MEDIA CENTER

AMERICAN HISTORY RESOURCES

Here is a list of American history web sites.  They are organized by chronology.  These sites have been collected from book review journals, print resources, librarian and teacher recommendations, and other resources.

Before using any Internet resource, it is important that you evaluate it.  Click here for more information about evaluating websites.

Please report any dead links to Mr. Andrusyk  bandrusyk@ichsknights.org

Contents

• General
• American Indian
• Exploration & Colonial America, 1400-1775
• Revolution & Forming a New Nation, 1775-1789
• A Growing America, 1789-1861
• Westward Expansion
• Civil War & Reconstruction, 1861-1881
• The Gilded Age, 1881-1897
• Women's History
• The Progressive Era, 1897-1914
• World War I, 1914-1919
• The Roaring Twenties & the Great Depression, 1920-1941
• World War II, 1941-1945
• The Cold War Era, 1945-1989
• Civil Rights
• Post Cold War, 1989-2001
• 21st Century, 2001-

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GENERAL AMERICAN HISTORY

AMERICAN HISTORY OVERVIEW

• American Cultural History: The Twentieth Century   Find information about each decade of the 20th century including art and architecture, literature, education, historical events, fads and fashions, music, people, and more!

• American Memory from the Library of Congress    The Library of Congress has an extensive collection of historical documents, images, and multimedia materials here.

• Biography of America   A companion to the video series, this site offers a timeline of American History and web links.

• Core Documents of U.S. Democracy   The Government Printing Office provides this site where you will find documents such as the Bill of Rights, Congressional Directory, Constitution, Declaration of Independence, etc.

• Digital History   This is an excellent resource for American history students and teachers.  Included are primary sources, timelines, biographies, and more.

• From Revolution to Reconstruction ... and What Happened Afterwards Contains outlines of American history, (it goes beyond Reconstruction), enriched with hyperlinks to primary sources, essays, and other websites.

• History Central   This is a great resource for learning history.  It has timelines on world history and American wars; primary source documents; aviation, naval, and railroad history; and more.

• Immigration: The Living Mosaic of People, Culture, and Hope  Explores the history of immigration to the United States with personal narratives, a timeline, and information about Ellis Island and the Statue of Libery.

• The National Archives Experience   The National Archives provides access to over 1200 documents including presidential memos, letters, photos, executive orders, speeches and addresses, and more.

• Our Documents   One hundred milestone documents from the National Archives and Records Administration are featured here including the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, Bill of Rights, Monroe Doctrine, and more.

AMERICAN PRESIDENTS

• American President:  An Online Reference Resource   From the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia, this is a "comprehensive collection of material about the Presidents of the United States and the history of the presidency."

• American Presidents:  Life Portraits   C-SPAN has this site that offers brief biographies of each president.

• "I Do Solemnly Swear...":  Presidential Inaugurations  From the Library of Congress, this site explores the inaugurations from President Washington to President Bush in 2001.

• POTUS: Presidents of the United States   Presents statistical information, historical documents, and other Internet resources on each President of the United States.

• Presidential Avenue   Explore the lives of our presidents with photos; statistics; information on birthplaces, homes, gravesites; and more.  The First Ladies and Vice Presidents are also included.

• The Presidential Timeline of the Twentieth Century  Presents a timeline of the lives of the presidents from Herbert Hoover to Bill Clinton, including documents photographs, audio recordings,  and videos.

• The Presidents   From the White House, this site provides a brief biography of each person who has served as President of the United States.

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AMERICAN INDIANS

• American Historical Images On File: The Native American Experience   Provides images of Native American history from Pre 1600 to 1990

• History of the Cherokee   Describes the history of the Cherokee Nation.

• Native American History and Culture   Here you will find a listing of sites to Native Americans including primary sources, timelines, maps, nations, culture, religion, food and more.

• Native American Nations  Provides a listing of websites about individual native nations.

• Native American Shelters   Discusses the different shelters American Indians built.

• Native American Sites   Provides a listing of sites relating to Native Americans including topics such as Native Nations, languages, Native media, Natives in the military, and more.  There is even a listing of sites about the mascot issue.

• Native Tech:  Native American Technology and Art   Explore the technology and art of the Eastern Woodlands Indians.

• Navajo Nation  The official site of the Navajo Nation.

• The Trail of Tears   Discusses the eviction of the Cherokee Nation from Georgia and their travel to Oklahoma.

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EXPLORATION & COLONIAL AMERICA, 1400-1775

• Early Americas Digital Library   From the Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities, this site contains electronic texts of writings from 1492 to 1820.  Here you can read journals written by explorers like Christopher Columbus and Samuel Champaign and writings by authors like Edward Taylor and Jonathan Edwards.

EXPLORATION

• 1492: An Ongoing Voyage   Describes what life was like before Columbus set sail in 1492 in Europe and in the Americas, and describes the life of Christopher Columbus.

• Columbus and the Age of Discovery  Presents over 1100 articles about Columbus from Millersville University of Pennsylvania.

• Discoverers Web Homepage  This is an excellent resource about explorers with biographies and links to other resources.

• The Life & Voyages of Henry Hudson   Explores the life and voyages of Henry Hudson.

• Spanish Exploration and Conquest of Native America   Discusses the explorations of Spanish conquistadors Cabenza de Vaca, Hernando DeSoto, and Francisco Vasquez

COLONIAL AMERICA

• 13 Originals: Founding the American Colonies   Briefly describes the founding of the thirteen colonies on American soil and provides additional resources.

• Archiving Early America: Primary Source Material from 18th Century America   Here you can view documents, images, newspaper articles, and more from Colonial America.

• Historic Jamestowne   Explore the first English settlement including the latest news on the archaeological dig.

• Maps of the French and Indian War   From the Massachusetts Historical Society, this site not only includes neat maps from the war, but also a brief history of the war and a timeline.

• The Plymouth Colony Archive   A very extensive collection of documents and research about the Plymouth Colony.

• Salem Witch Museum   The official site of the Salem Witch Museum in Salem, Massachusetts.

• Salem Witch Trials: Documentary Archive and Transcription Project  From the University of Virginia, this valuable resource contains primary sources, courtroom transcripts, maps, and background information about the Salem Witch Trials.

• The War that Made America   Describes the events of the French and Indian War and includes biographies, timeline, historical notes, and other resources.

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REVOLUTION, 1775-1789

• The American Revolution: Lighting Freedom's Flame   From the National Park Service, here you can find data on the Revolution as well as the parks and landmarks from the time period.

• Benjamin Franklin: Glimpses of the Man   This site from the Franklin Institute summarizes the life and accomplishments of Benjamin Franklin in the fields of science, music, publishing, and economics.

• A Centruy of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1783   From the Library of Congress, this site presents documents and primary sources from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention.

• Colonial Williamsburg  There's a lot here.  You can roam the streets of Williamsburg, learn about the colonial and revolutionary lifestyle, and more.

• Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774-1789   From the Library of Congress, this site contains primary sources relating to the Continental Congress during the Revolutionary War and the Constitutional Convention.

• Fort Ticonderoga National Historic Landmark   Contains a detailed history of the fort and a lot more!

• Liberty!: Chronicle of the Revolution  This is the companion site to the PBS series about the Revolutionary War.

• Sons of the American Revolution  You can get information on battles, read documents like the Declaration of Independence, get biographies of our Founding Fathers and other patriots, and read tales and anecdotes about the American Revolution.

• US History.org  Created by the Independence Hall Association, this site explores the history of Revolutionary War era landmarks and sites in and near Philadelphia, including the Liberty Bell, Valley Forge, Independence Hall, and more.  There also information about Benjamin Franklin, the Declaration of Independence, flag rules and regulations, historic documents, and much more.

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A GROWING AMERICA , 1789-1861

• Eli Whitney Museum & Workshop  Contains information about Eli Whitney and his development of the cotton gin.

GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1789-1797

• Mount Vernon   This was George Washington's home in Virginia.  Here you can learn about our first president, his family, and the grounds of Mount Vernon.

• The Papers of George Washington   View transcripts and the original documents of George Washington's addresses, orders, and letters, from the University of Virginia.

• Rediscovering George Washington   Explore the life and legacy of George Washington from the companion site to the PBS documentary includes a timeline, multimedia, and more.

JOHN ADAMS, 1797-1801

• Adams Family Papers  The Massachusetts Historical Society has provided images of real letters written by John and Abigail Adams to each other throughout their lives.  There is also his autobiography and other writings in his own handwriting!

THOMAS JEFFERSON, 1801-1809

• Monticello   The official website of Thomas Jefferson's beloved home.  Here you can learn about Jefferson, his time, the building of Monticello, and the gardens that surround it.

• Thomas Jefferson Online   The companion website to the documentary by Ken Burns, this site contains Jefferson's important writings including early drafts of the Declaration of Independence and transcripts of interviews done for the film.

LEWIS AND CLARK'S CORPS OF DISCOVERY

• A Brief History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition   From the Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, Inc., this site contains an excelletn article about the expedition as well as a timeline, roster, map, and more.

• Discovering Lewis & Clark    Probably one of America's greatest adventures, this site explores the travels of Lewis and Clark to the Pacific Ocean.

• Lewis and Clark: The Journey of the Corps of Discovery   The companion website to the Ken Burns documentary, this site offers a lot of information about the expedition including the members of the corps, the Native Americans they met along the way, excerpts from the journals by Lewis and Clark, and interactive maps.

JAMES MADISON, 1809-1817 (WAR OF 1812)

• The James Madison Center   Explore the life and times of James Madison in the Center's Madison Archives.

• James Madison Museum   The official website of the Orange, Virginia museum dedicated to James and Dolly Madison.  Here you can learn about the Madisons and the time period they lived.

• Madison's Treasures  From the Library of Congress, here you can view images of James Madison's writings including his Federalist papers, and the Bill of Rights.

WAR OF 1812, (1812-1814)

• War of 1812  History Central sponsors this site with summaries of key events of the war, multimedia presentations, and links to other 1812 sites.

• The War of 1812 Website   This Canadian website explores army life, battles, biographies, forts and historic sites, and more.

JAMES MONROE, 1817-1825

• Ash Lawn-Highland:  Home of James Monroe   Ash Lawn-Highland was the home of President James Monroe. Here you'll find information about President Monroe and his Virginia home.

• James Monroe Museum and Memorial Library   Here you can view the papers of James Monroe and learn about his life and his presidency, including the Monroe Doctrine.

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, 1825-1829

• The Diaries of John Quincy Adams   From the Massachusetts Historical Society, sneak a peek into our sixth president's personal diaries in his own handwriting!  Also includes a biographical timeline.

ANDREW JACKSON, 1829-1837, (Texan Revolution, 1832-1836)

• The Black Hawk War of 1832  Written by Dr. James Lewis, this site provides information about the Black Hawk War including primary sources, maps and images, and links to other resources.

• Hermitage   This is the official website of the home of Andrew Jackson. Here you'll find information about his life and America during his presidency.

• In Search of Tocqueville's Democracy in America   In 1831 Alexis de Tocqueville came to the United States.  He later wrote a book called Democracy in America in which he discusses his travels and observations about the American people and its government.  This site explores his life, his travels, and his book and its influence on American society.

THE TEXAN REVOLUTION (1832-1836)

• The Alamo   The official website of the Alamo with a history of the battle and the Texas Revolution, primary sources and images.
  

• Texas War of Independence   Explores the Texas Revolution with primary sources, flag history, battles, and more.

MARTIN VAN BUREN, 1837-1841

• Exploring Amistad: Race and the Boundaries of Freedom in Antebellum Maritime America  Here you can learn about the infamous revolt and trial including personal accounts and over 500 primary source documents.

• Martin Van Buren  Provides an extensive biography of Martin Van Buren including his writings, family history, and major events that took place during his presidency.

WILLIAM HARRISON, 1841

• Grouseland   Grouseland was the home of William Henry Harrison when he served as governor of the Indiana Territory.  This site provides information about his life, his estate, and more.

JOHN TYLER, 1841-1845

• Sherwood Forest   The Sherwood Forest Plantation was the Virginia home of President John Tyler.  This site has a brief biography of the tenth president and describes the history of the estate.

JAMES POLK, 1845-1849, (WAR WITH MEXICO, 1846-1848)

• James K. Polk Home  A very interesting website about our 11th president, his family, and his home in Tennessee.

MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR, 1846-1848

• The Mexican War   From the Lone Star Internet, this site provides a summary of the War with Mexico.

• U.S.-Mexican War   From PBS, this site contains information about the events leading up to the war, battles, the aftermath, biographies of key figures from both sides, and a timeline map.

ZACHARY TAYLOR, 1849-1850

• Zachary Taylor's Springfield  Provides a brief biography of our 12th president and a description of his boyhood home located in Louisville, Kentucky.

MILLARD FILLMORE, 1850-1853

• Millard Fillmore and Buffalo, New York   Provides links to biographical information, homes in the Buffalo area, essays about the 13th president, and more.

FRANKLIN PIERCE, 1853-1857

• Franklin Pierce Bicentennial    Provides a biography of our 14th president as well as essays and links to other resources..

JAMES BUCHANAN, 1857-1861

• Wheatland   Wheatland was the home of our 15th president, James Buchanan.  Get information about him, his writings, his family, and his Pennsylvania home.

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WESTWARD EXPANSION

• American West: A Celebration of the Human Spirit   Explores the West from the pioneers to the present day including explorers, trappers, Native Americans, gold rush, and more.

• Ghost Town Gallery   This interesting site is a collection of photographs and brief histories of 174 ghost town in the western United States.

• Golden Spike National Historic Site   This is the site in Utah where the transcontinental railroad came together.

• Little Bighorn History Alliance   A comprehensive look at the Battle of Little Bighorn with lists of participants, articles, and links to other resources.

• Mountain Men and the Fur Trade   An interesting website about the mountain men in the Rockies, includes primary sources, images, and other information.

• New Perspectives on The West   The companion website to the Ken Burns' documentary, The West. Contains information on famous people, places, and events.  Also includes additional resources.

• On the Trail of Buffalo Bill   Explore the fascinating life of William F. Cody, more popularly known as Buffalo Bill, including his exploits, his friends, his show, his homes and haunts, and other resources.

• The Oregon Trail   Contains information about the trail, its landmarks, fascinating facts, and even full texts of diaries, memoirs, and period books.

• The Virtual California Gold Country   Describes the history of the California Gold Rush along what is now Highway 49 including mining camps, images, and links to related resources.

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CIVIL WAR & RECONSTRUCTION, 1861-1881

• The Crisis of the Union  A collection of documents pertaining to the causes, the actions, and the aftermath of the Civil War from the University of Pennsylvania Department of History.

• Documenting the American South  Provides primary sources about the South from the University of North Carolina.

• John Brown's Holy War    This is the companion site of American Experience from PBS.  It contains a timeline, maps, profiles of people involved, and special features including the origins of the song "John Brown's Body."

SLAVERY

• Abolition: The African American Mosaic  The Library of Congress presents an online exhibition about the abolition movement including photos, documents, artifacts, and more.

• Africans in America   From PBS, this is the companion site to the film of the same title that explores the history of slavery in America with images, documents, biographies and more.

• Chronology on the History of Slavery   Explores the history of slavery in the America.

• From Slavery to Freedom: African-American Pamphlet Collection   The Library of Congress provides this collection of pamphlets written by African-Americans and others about slavery.

• Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition   Here you'll find a wealth of information on slavery, the abolition movement, and the end of slavery.

• North American Slave Narratives    Compiles a collection of slave narratives that were published before 1920.

• The Underground Railroad   National Geographic provides this excellent site about the Underground Railroad which includes an interactive game (you be the runaway slave), a timeline, profiles of key figures, other resources, and more.

• The Revised Dred Scot Collection   Explore the life of Dred Scot and his quest for freedom by viewing documents from the trials.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 1861-1865

• Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum   The official site of the library and museum honoring our 16th president.  Here you can find out about the life of President Lincoln and the museum in Springfield, Illinois.

• Abraham Lincoln's Assassination   This site, developed by a retired history teacher, explores the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

• Gettysburg Address   Describes the history of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address and includes images of the Nicolay copy and information about preserving documents.

• Lincoln Home National Historic Site  This is the official site for Abraham Lincoln's Home in Springfield, Illinois, by the National Park Service.  There's a lot of information about Lincoln including his speeches, essays, photos, family, other links, and more.

• Lincoln/Net   From Northern Illinois University, this site houses primary sources on Abraham Lincoln when he was in Illinois including his writings, speeches, and more.

• Mr. Lincoln's White House   Sponsored by the Lehrman Institute, this site describes Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States including the people who surrounded him day by day in the White House, those who visited him, what the White House looked like during his presidency, and more.

• With Malice Towards None: The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Exhibition   Describes the life of Abraham Lincoln and his thoughts and words, created by the Library of Congress.

CIVIL WAR

• American Civil War Homepage   Presents a listing of Civil War websites.

• Civil War @ Smithsonian   Explore the Civil War artifacts from the Smithsonian's collection.  Includes a timeline and links to other Internet resources.

• Civil War.com   An excellent resource about the Civil War including an overview, battle summaries and reports, maps, travel sites, and more.

• Illinois in the Civil War   Describes the sacrifices and contributions Illinois provided during the Civil war; includes rosters, flags, other resources, and more.

• Index of Civil War Information Available on the Internet   Provides links about the Civil War arranged alphabetically by subject.

• The Papers of Jefferson Davis   Presents writings of Jefferson Davis who served as the only President of the Confederacy.

• Valley of the Shadow: Two Communities in the American Civil War   Explores the lives of two communities during the Civil War (Franklin Co., Pennsylvania and Augusta Co., Virginia) with letters, diaries, newspapers, speeches, church and census records, and more.

ANDREW JOHNSON, 1865-1869

• Andrew Johnson National Historic site   The official website of President Andrew Johnson's home from the National Park Service provides a timeline of his life, his views on slavery and Reconstruction, his impeachment, and more.

• Impeachment of Andrew Johnson   Presents an online exhibit of Harper Weekly's coverage of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in 1868.

ULYSSES S. GRANT, 1869-1877

• Ulysses S. Grant Homepage   Provides a biography of Ulysses S. Grant who served as general of the Union forces in the Civil War and as President of the United States.

RUTHERFORD HAYES, 1877-1881

• Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center  Here you can learn about President Hayes and his family.  You can even view his journals and letters.

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THE GILDED AGE, 1881-1897

• American Inventors and Inventions   Takes a look at inventors like George Washington Carver, Albert Einstein, and Jonas Salk and inventions such as the "box" telephone, light bulb, telegraph, artificial heart, computer, and more.

• Edison National Historic Site   From the National Park Service, here you can learn about Thomas Alva Edison and all of his inventions.

• Ellis Island   Learn about the history of Ellis Island and American immigration.  Search the passenger database of those who passed through the island in search of a new home in America.

• Illinois During the Gilded Age   This site from Northern Illinois University provides primary sources of topics relating to Illinois during the Gilded Age, including economic development, labor, immigration, women, race, and more.

• Industrialization of the United States, 1865-1920   Contains a list of websites, organized by topic, relating to the industrialization of the United States from Irondequiot High School Library in Rochester, New York.

JAMES GARFIELD, 1881

• Lawnfield, James A. Garfield National Historic Site   The Western Reserve Historical Society provides a very good site about President Garfield, his family, and his estate in Mentor, Ohio.

CHESTER ARTHUR, 1881-1885

• President Chester A. Arthur State Historical Site   Describes the home of President Arthur and a biography from the Vermont Division for Historic Preservation.

GROVER CLEVELAND, 1885-1889

• Grover Cleveland Birthplace   Describes Grover Cleveland's birthplace and provides a biography of Cleveland and his family from the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.

• Grover Cleveland Library   Presents an in-depth biography of President Cleveland and his roles as a lawyer, sheriff, mayor, governor, and president.

• Statue of Liberty   On October 28, 1886, the Statue of Liberty was dedicated.  This site, provided by the National Park Service, describes the history of the statue.

BENJAMIN HARRISON, 1889-1893

• President Benjamin Harrison Home  President Harrison lived in Indiana.  At this site you can read about his life.

GROVER CLEVELAND, 1893-1897

• Grover Cleveland Birthplace   Describes Grover Cleveland's birthplace and provides a biography of Cleveland and his family from the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.

• Grover Cleveland Library   Presents an in-depth biography of President Cleveland and his roles as a lawyer, sheriff, mayor, governor, and president.

• World’s Columbian Exposition  This is a neat site about the World's Columbian Exposition that took place in Chicago in May - October, 1893.  Those who have read The Devil in the White City by Erik Larson would be very interested in this site.

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WOMEN'S HISTORY

• American Women's History: A Reference Guide   Provides a list of resources, both print and online, about women's history in the United States compiled by Ken Middleton from Middle Tennessee State University.

• Living the Legacy: The Women's Rights Movement, 1848-1998   Offers a history of women's rights and a detailed timeline of events from 1701 to the present.

• The Susan B. Anthony Center for Women's Leadership   Contains a history of the Women's Suffrage Movement and resources on Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

• Women's Suffrage   From Spartacus Educational, this site includes biographies of men and women who played roles in the suffrage movement, and articles about organizations, campaigns, and more.

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THE PROGRESSIVE ERA, 1897-1914

• The Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village  This museum in Dearborn, Michigan has a lot to explore especially about industrialization, inventions, transportation, and more. You can see Rosa Parks bus, Kennedy Presidential limousine, historic aircraft, Edison's Idea Factory, Wright Cycle Shop, and more. 

• Panama Canal Authority: Canal History   Describes the history of the Panama Canal starting with its building, the transition back to Panama, and to present day.

• The Wright Brothers and the Invention of the Aerial Age   From the Smithsonian Institution, read about the lives of Wilbur & Orville Wright and explore how they developed their first airplane, and see how their invention changed society.

WILLIAM MCKINLEY, 1897-1901, (SPANISH AMERICAN WAR, 1898)

• McKinley Memorial Library, Museum, & Birthplace Home   William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio in 1843. On the official site of his birthplace, you can read a biography; view his family tree; get information about the library, museum, memorial, and the home he was born in; and more.

• William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum   Contains a brief biography of President William McKinley.

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, 1898

• Crucible of Empire: The Spanish American War   The companion website to the PBS documentary, this site provides a timeline of the war, newspaper headlines, sheet music from the era, and additional resources.

• The Spanish American War Centennial Website  Obtain information--even primary sources--about the Spanish American War including the people, battles, weapons, and more.

• The World of 1898: The Spanish American War   The Library of Congress presents this site on the Spanish American War with a summary of events, chronology, biographies, maps, and more.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1901-1909

• The Great White Fleet   In 1907 President Roosevelt sent American naval ships on a cruise that ended up going around the world.  This privately run site explores that trip.

• Theodore Roosevelt Association    Presents a biography of our 26th president and a wealth of resource about him.

• Theodore Roosevelt: Icon of the American Century   From the Smithsonian, explore the exciting life of Theodore Roosevelt with artifacts and paintings from the National Portrait Gallery.

WILLIAM TAFT, 1909-1913

• Titanic: The History of the RMS Titanic  The History Channel explores the story of the RMS Titanic and its tragic voyage across the Atlantic.

• The Triangle Factory Fire   Explores the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York in 1911 that exposed horrible working conditions and led to reforms.

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WORLD WAR I, 1914-1919

• The Aerodrome: Aces and Aircraft of World War I  Learn about the aircraft and the pilots who flew them during World War I.

• BBC:  World War One   From the BBC, this site has a lot of information on WWI including virtual tours of the trenches.

• First World War.com   This site offers a lot of information about World War I including, biographies, causes of the war, battles, literature, and more.

• The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century   The companion website to the PBS documentary explores World War I with an interactive timeline, maps, interviews of historians, and summaries of episodes.

• The Great War Society's Learning and Research Center   Provides links about World War I that are excellent for doing research.

• League of Nations Home Page   Contains a photographic archive of the League of Nations with photos of people, assemblies, councils, and more; also includes a brief history and timeline.

• The Versailles Treaty: June 28, 1919   Presents the text of the Versailles Treaty that ended World War I and other related links.

• World War I   Explore the countries that participated in World War I, the major battles that took place, and the military units and weapons that were used, and other related links.

• World War I Document Archive  You can find a lot of primary sources about World War I here.

• World War I: Trenches on the Web   Contains biographies, maps, posters, timelines, and more about World War I.

Woodrow Wilson, 1913-1921

• Woodrow Wilson House   The official website of Woodrow Wilson's post-presidency home in Washington D.C. has  a very good biography of our twenty-eighth president.

• Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library   Contains a biography of Woodrow Wilson, pictures, quotes by Wilson, documents and speeches relating to World War I, Wilson's Fourteen Points, and more.

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ROARING TWENTIES & THE GREAT DEPRESSION, 1920-1941

• Clash of Cultures in the 1910s and 1920s  Presents primary sources, photos, political cartoons, and more on Prohibition, Women, The Scopes Trial, Immigration Restrictions, and the Ku Klux Klan.

• Temperance & Prohibition  Explores the social movements against the production and consumption of alcohol; created by Ohio State University.

WARREN G. HARDING, 1921-1923

• Warren G. Harding   Presents a biography and photographs of our twenty-ninth President of the United States from the Marion County Historical Society.

CALVIN COOLIDGE, 1923-1929

• Calvin Coolidge   Presents a biography, quotes, anecdotes, and other resources about Calvin Coolidge.

• Calvin Coolidge Memorial Foundation   This site contains a wealth of information about the 30th president.

• Charles Lindbergh: An American Aviator   A comprehensive site about the life, family, accomplishments, and tragedy of Charles Lindbergh.

• Famous Trials in American History: Tennessee vs. John Scopes: The "Monkey Trial" 1925   Here you can find a lot of information about the Scopes trial including biographies of the key figures, transripts from the trial, and more.

HERBERT HOOVER, 1929-1932  (THE GREAT DEPRESSION)

• Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum  You can find biographical information about the Hoovers as well as primary sources about events that took place during his administration.

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

• The Great Depression   Presents overviews of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, a photo essay, and a Great Depression Art Gallery from the Modern American Poetry.

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, 1932-1945 (THE NEW DEAL)

• FDR Cartoon Archive   Provides a collection of political cartoons about FDR.

• Fireside Chats of Franklin D. Roosevelt   Presents transcripts of President Roosevelt's radio addresses known as the Fireside Chats.

• Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum   Learn about FDR and his four terms as president.

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial  The National Park Service provides biographies of Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt and a bit of history of the 1930's and 1940's.

THE NEW DEAL

• By the People, For the People: Posters from the WPA, 1936-1943    The Library of Congress designed this site where you can view posters funded through the Works Progress Administration promoting topics such as health and safety, travel, entertainment, and more.

• A New Deal for the Arts   The National Archives developed this site about how FDR's New Deal helped fund the arts during the Great Depression.

• New Deal Network   Provides articles, speeches, documents, photos and more about the Great Depression and Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs.

• Social Security History   From the Social Security Administration, this is a comprehensive site about the history of Social Security.

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WORLD WAR II, 1941-1945

• Anne Frank Guide   This site explores the life of Anne Frank and World War II.

• Atomic Bomb:  Decision (Hiroshima-Nagasaki)  Provides primary documentation on the decision to use atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

• Auschwitz through the Lens of the SS: Photos of Nazi Leadership at the Camp  Here you can view photos from a photo album made by an S.S. officer at Auschwitz.

• The Avalon Project: World War II Documents  Provides access to a variety of documents from World War II including declarations of war, armistices, and documents of surrender.

• BBC: World War Two  From the end of World War I to the beginning of the Cold War, the BBC explores World War II with articles, animated maps, photos, and more.

• The Churchill Centre   Explore the life and legacy of Britain's most famous Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill.

• D-Day   An extensive look at the Normandy Invasion on June 6, 1944 with photos, list of participating divisions, descriptions and maps of the beaches, Eisenhower's message, WWII Poster gallery, and links to other resources, from the U.S. Army.

• Exploring the Japanese American Internment through Film and the Internet  Describes the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II with video clips.

• Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum   Learn about FDR and his four terms as president.

• Pearl Harbor Attack: Index of Action Reports   Presents reports, photos, eyewitness accounts and more about the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 from the U.S. Navy.

• The Race to Build the Atomic Bomb   Explores the creation of the atomic bomb including timelines, scientists involved, physics, and more.

• Tunnel Harry   Explore the tunnel created by Allied POWs during WWII and was the inspiration to the movie The Great Escape.

• World War II Timeline  A detailed timeline of World War II beginning with 1917 and the ending of the First World War.

HOLOCAUST

• Holocaust Chronicle  This is the online version of the book by the same title. I.C. Media Center does own the book (REF 940.53 Hol).

• Holocaust Memorial Center   Provides a wealth of information about the Holocaust including oral histories.

• Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center    Provides museum information, Holocaust timeline, survivor reflections, and misconceptions about the Holocaust.

• Remember.org:  Holocaust Cybrary  There's a lot of powerful information about the Holocaust including photos, transcripts, and a virtual tour of Auschwitz.

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum  This has a lot of information about the Holocaust including the Holocaust Encyclopedia.

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THE COLD WAR ERA, 1945-1989

• BBC: Cold War   The BBC explores the Cold War featuring the Korean War, John F. Kennedy, weapons of war, and the fall of the Soviet Union.

• Cold War   From Spartacus Educational, this online encyclopedia contains biographies of political and military leaders and articles on issues, events, and organizations from the Cold War era.

• Cold War Museum   Tour some virtual exhibit on the Berlin Wall, weaponry, and reconnaissance aircraft used or developed during the Cold War.

• Space Race   From the National Air and Space Museum, this site explores the advancements in space flight and technology as a result of the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union.

• "We Didn't Start the Fire" (Facts) History Summary from 1949-1989  Gives a brief summary of the events and the people mentioned in Billy Joel's "We Didn't Start the Fire."

HARRY S. TRUMAN, 1945-1953, (Korean War, 1950-1953)

• For European Recovery: The Fiftieth Anniversary of the Marshall Plan   In 1947, Secretary of State George C. Marshall came up with a plan to provide aid to Europe in the reconstruction after World War II and to help prevent the spread of communism.  This site explores this program with international viewpoints of the program, a timeline of important dates, maps, and more.

• Harry S. Truman National Historic Site   Explore the lives of President Harry S. Truman and Bess Truman and their home in Independence, Missouri with oral histories, online exhibits (see Truman's Tropical Sport Shirts), and more.

• Harry S. Truman Presidential Museum and Library   Here you can get primary sources on events that took place during the Truman administration including civil rights, Korean War, and World War II.

• NATO   The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was founded in 1949.  On the official website, you can find out about NATO's history with a timeline, historic photos, videos, and documents.

KOREAN WAR, 1950-1953

• Korean War   This site describes the Korean War and includes a timeline, information about each nation that participated in the conflict, and resources for more information.

• The Major Battles and Events of the Korean War   Provides over twenty articles about the Korean War from its causes to the peace talks.

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, 1953-1961

• Dwight D. Eisenhower Library    The official site of Eisenhower's Presidential library in Abilene, Kansas.  There's a lot of information about his life and his presidency.

• Eisenhower National Historic Site Virtual Museum Exhibit   Explores the lives of Dwight D. Eisenhower--his military career and presidency--and his wife Mamie, their farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and much more.

• History of the Interstate Highway System   The Federal Highway Adminstration provides this interesting look at the history of the Interstate highways.

• Sputnik   From NASA, this site explores the Soviet launching of Sputnik on October 4, 1957 and the reaction to it in the United States.

JOHN F. KENNEDY, 1961-1963

• Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962: The 40th Anniversary   From the National Security Archives, this site has a lot of information on the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 including declassified documents, photographs, and audio clips of White House intelligence briefings.

• John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library and Museum    The official site to the Kennedy Library and Museum contains biographies of the president, his family, and even some of his staff.  Be sure to check out the White House Diary where you can view Kennedy's daily appointment book and schedule.

• The Sixth Floor Museum  The official site of the museum in Dallas, Texas about the life and death of President John F. Kennedy.

LYNDON B. JOHNSON, 1963-1969, (VIETNAM WAR, 1965-1975)

• Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum   Here you can read about the lives of Lyndon B. Johnson and his family and learn about his presidency.  You can also view his daily presidential schedule.

• The Whole World Was Watching: An Oral History of 1968    A collection of stories and interviews about the year 1968 including issues such as Civil Rights, politics, Vietnam, and Women's Rights.  From South Kingstown High School and Brown University.

VIETNAM WAR, 1965-1975

• Battlefield: Vietnam  This site from PBS takes a look at the Vietnam Conflict and includes a brief history, timeline, tactics, battles, and more resources.

• The History Place Presents The Vietnam War   Provides detailed timelines from the causes of the conflict to its end.

• The Vietnam Center and Archive   From the Texas Tech University, this site provides information, including oral histories about the Vietnam War.

• The Vietnam War   This site tells the story of the Vietnam War by using images.

• The Vietnam War   From Digital History, this site provides links to primary sources, maps, timelines, and more.

• Vietnam War Timeline   From the 15th Field Artillery Regiment, this site provides a timeline of the Vietnam War and statistics.

• The Wars for Viet Nam: 1945-1975   Provides the history of the war, primary sources, other links, and more.

RICHARD M. NIXON, 1969-1974

• Apollo to the Moon   From the National Air and Space Museum, this site tells the story of the Apollo program and the first landing on the moon in 1969.

• Richard M. Nixon Library & Birthplace    Here you can learn about President Nixon and his family.  Includes resources about the Vietnam War and the president's public papers.

• Watergate: The Scandal the Destroyed President Richard M. Nixon  Explores the break-in and cover up the led to the resignation of President Nixon in 1974.

GERALD FORD, 1974-1977

• Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum  This site has a wealth of information about President Ford, his family, and his presidency.

JIMMY CARTER, 1977-1981

• Camp David Accords: Framework for Peace   Explains the negotiations that led to peace between Egypt and Israel hosted by President Jimmy Carter at Camp David in 1978.

• Jimmy Carter Library and Museum   Here you can learn about the lives of Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter and events that took place during the Carter administration including the 1978 Camp David Accords.

• Three Mile Island   Provides brief overviews of the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island on March 28, 1979 and includes primary sources about the accident, from Dickinson College.

RONALD REAGAN, 1981-1989

• Challenger STS 51-L Accident   Provides links to documents, videos, and other links relating to the space shuttle Challenger explosion on January 28, 1986, from NASA.

• The Denouement of the Cold War, 1981-1989   The State Department's Office of the Historian presents the diplomatic milestones of the Reagan Administration including the Reagan Doctrine, INF Treaty, the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, and more.

• Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library   This site not only provides biographical information about President Reagan and his family, but copies of his speeches, quotes, and information about Air Force One.

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CIVIL RIGHTS

• Baseball and Jackie Robinson   Contains a timeline of events and an essay about the signing of Jackie Robinson to the Brooklyn Dodgers, from the Library of Congress

• Civil Rights Resource Guide    The Multnomah County Library has put together this site that lists resources about the civil rights movement.

• DuBois Central   Provides many resources about the life and works of W. E. B. DuBois.

• Greensboro Sit Ins: Launch of a Civil Rights Movement  Four African American students started a sit in after they were denied service at a lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1960.  This site tells their story.

• History of Jim Crow   Describes the history of segregation from the 1870s through the 1950s including examples of Jim Crow laws and lesson plans for history and English teachers.

• Little Rock Central High School  40th Anniversary   Tells the story of the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School  in 1957. Site was created in 1997 to mark the 40th anniversary.

• Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement   The Seattle Times provides a biography of Martin Luther King Jr. including his speeches, letters, sermons, and photographs.

• The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute  Contains a biography of Martin Luther King Jr. as well as his papers, speeches, sermons, and more.

• The Murder of Emmett Till   PBS's American Experience television series explores the murder case of Emmett Till in Mississippi in 1955.

• National Civil Rights Museum  The official website of the museum which was once the Lorraine Motel where Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated.

• Rosa Parks   The Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development has a great biography and timeline of the woman who refused to give up her seat on the bus.

• Say It Plain: A Century of Great African American Speeches   From American Radioworks, listen to or read transcripts of speeches from some great African Americans including Booker T. Washington, Martin Luther King Jr., Jesse Jackson, and more.

• We Shall Overcome: Historic Places of the Civil Rights Movement  Visit some of the historic landmarks from the Civil Rights Movement, includes the story behind the landmark and articles about the movement.

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POST COLD WAR, 1989-2001

GEORGE H. W. BUSH, 1989-1993, PERSIAN GULF WAR, 1991

• George Bush Presidential Library and Museum   This is the official site for the 41st president's library and museum located in Texas.  Learn about his life and his four years as president.

• Operation Just Cause: The Incursion into Panama   A detailed brochure from the U.S. Army about the military invasion of Panama and the apprehension of General Manuel Noriega.

PERSIAN GULF WAR, 1991

• Desert Storm  A detailed look at the Persian Gulf War with a history, list of participating units and nations, equipment, and more.

• Frontline: The Gulf War   Contains oral histories, first hand accounts from soldiers, maps, and the weapons and equipment used in the Persian Gulf War.

• The Gulf War  Describes the history and the events that led up to the Persian Gulf War in 1991.

• Gulf War Debriefing Book   Takes a look at the 1991 Persian Gulf War including the people involved, the troops deployed, a summary of events, and the casualties.

BILL CLINTON, 1993-2001

• The Impeachment Trial of President William Clinton, 1999   Explores the Clinton Impeachment Trial in 1999 with primary sources and documents from the trial.

• The Oklahoma City Bombing and the Trial of Timothy McVeigh   Presents information, maps, photos, transcripts, and primary sources about the Oklahoma City Bombing and the trial of Timothy McVeigh by Douglas O. Linder from the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law.

• The United States Army in Somalia, 1992-1994   A detailed brochure from the U.S. Army about the humanitarian relief operations in Somalia including the horrific events in Mogadishu in October, 1993.

• William J. Clinton Presidential Library   Includes biographies of both President Clinton and Senator Hillary Clinton and some presidential documents.

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21st CENTURY, 2001-

GEORGE W. BUSH, 2001-2009, WAR AGAINST TERROR, 2001-

• George W. Bush Presidential Center   The official site of the George W. Bush Presidential Center which will include the Presidential Library and Museum contains biographies of the president and First Lady Laura Bush.

• Hurricane Katrina  The National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration provides this look at Hurricane Katrina with satellite images, aftermath photos, maps, and articles on the aftermath, response, and assessments.

• Space Shuttle Columbia and Her Crew   On February 1, 2003, the space shuttle Columbia exploded upon reentry over Texas.  NASA has posted biographies of the astronauts on that mission, the investigation reports, and more.

SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TERRORIST ATTACKS

• America Responds: September 11 Events   Provides links relating to the September 11 Terrorist Attacks in 2001.

• BBC: September 11   From the BBC, "an in-depth examination of one of the world's worst terrorist atrocities."

• CNN: America Remembers  CNN provides a well done look at the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the aftermath, and the victims of the attack.

OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM (AFGHANISTAN), 2001-

• Operation Enduring Freedom   Presents links on the operations in Afghanistan and Pakistan against al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

IRAQ WAR, 2003-

• Operation Iraqi Freedom   The official website of the multi-national force in Iraq

BARACK H. OBAMA, 2009-

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